Microbiology Essay

Unknown reports in microbiology are written in scientific format. Scientific writing is written differently from other types of writing. The results of the exercise or experiment are what are being showcased, not the writing. The purpose of scientific writing is not to entertain, but to inform. The writing should be simple and easy to understand. in that respect is a specific style that must be followed when writing scientific reports.Scientific writing is typically written in the passive voice. The pronouns I, We and They are not typically used.. For example, instead of writing I used a TSA agar main office to isolate my unknown, it is customary to write, A trypticase soy agar (TSA) plate was used to isolate the unknown.It is also customary to write in the past tense for most of the report. This includes the introduction, the summary, the description of the materials and methods and the results. The present tense is reserved for the conclusions about the results. plan the exampl es give below. Some other general rules that should be followed areMicrobial nomenclature The name of the bacterium should written and spelled correctly. The name should be italicized or underlined. Italicized is preferred. For example, staphylococcus aureus. The genus is capitalized but the species is not. by and by the full genus name is given in the paper, it can be written as S. aureus, but still italicized. This is as long as there in no other genera in the paper that starts with the same letter.MATERIALS AND METHODSThis is where the details of the study are listed. Where did the specimen come from, and what methods were used to identify it? Be specific, but do not re write the lab manual. One focussing is to mention the names of the materials used and reference the lab manual for the cognitive process or method and then continue to elaborate when necessary. See example 1. Example 1 An unknown labeled as letter G was given out by the lab instructor. The methods that have b een learned thus far for identifying bacteria have been applied to this unknown. Procedures were followed as stated in the course research lab manual by De Mers (1), unless otherwise noted.The first procedure that needed to be done was to streak the unknown out on a Trypticase Soy agar plate, using the T streak method described in the lab manual.. This needed to be done in order to test the purity of the unknown. After the plates were incubated and grown, the morphology was observed and recorded and a Gram stain was performed. Quality control bacteria were Gram stained along with the unknown to make surely that the Gram stain reaction was done correctly . After determining the Gram reaction, specific biochemical tests were performed. The biochemical tests were chosen from the unknown identification tables that were in the lab manual. Since unknown G was determined to be a Gram negative rod, an oxidase test was performed and the organism was inoculated into a BCP lactose tube. Not e all of these tests were performed by the methods listed in the lab manual by De Mers (1). Table 1 lists the test, purpose, reagents and results. All of the following tests were performed on this unknown1. Oxidase test2. BCP Lactose3. Indole4. H2S5. Citrate6. Motility7. methyl group Red8. UreaAnother way is to write out the methods in detail in either a paragraph form or listed. This way is not necessary for this type of paper, since this is lab report for the identification of an unknown bacterium and the methods are explained in detail in the lab manual. If there is a procedure that the instructor added or made changes to, or the student used another procedure not in the course lab manual, then it should be written out and referenced.

China Lost Girls

chinas Lost Girls China is largest population in the land because of that Chinese government decided a indemnity which is ace- small fry policy. A family has only one small fry, but some(prenominal) case a family can have second child if they pay to government. One of big takings in China is balance of gender which means mans population is much large than females. Chinese people want to have a boy because a man carries the family list in Chinese culture therefore, thousands of Chinese girls ar aborted, hidden, abandoned, or even killed. Some of these girls are adapt to American family, but adaption takes more than than a year. legion(predicate) American families are waiting for adopted child. After they generate adoption, they can receive adopted childs picture however, they have to wait about one year to meet the child and cannot know anything about their adopted child until they meet them. In addition, the American families paid few thousands dollar for adoption, and t he money goes to Chinese government. On the other hand, other girls stay their replete(p) childhood in institution of child welfare or their parents or relative sold them. Many Chinese girls are sold to somewhere and their life is horrible.For example, a girl was beaten up and broke her leg and arm so that some organization save these female, or other organization exertion for sexual equality. In conclusion, this issue is bigger and bigger in China therefore, few years ulterior many another(prenominal) men cannot marry because of imbalance of gender problem. And also, most families have only one child in their family so that many kids are spoiled in China. I knew about chinas one child policy but I did not know boys are so important than girls even girls are aborted, hidden, abandoned, or even killed. I was so surprised.I am happy for those girls who were adapted to American family however, still many other girls have tough life. I think that this is very difficult issue becaus e population of China is huge however, government has to think about different way to reduce population. Otherwise, girls are kidnap more often because women have to give a birth, but if women are not enough population, a family cannot go forward to have descendant. In addition, there are a lot of spoiled children because of one child policy in China so that it might makes unhealthy or violence country in future.

Coal Keeps the Lights on

He would go in at dark and leave at dark and often go without eating or taking a break because his Job was so demanding. Even though mining was dangerous and vigorous work he lovemakingd his Job. In 1966 his pay was $3. 25 an hour, for that day and time he was making good money. In 1980 when he had to quit due to health issues his top pay was $26. 00 an hour. 00nes) fit was hard, but I had a Job to do.Coal keeps the lights on. verbalise Delbert. His Job came with umpteen responsibilities. He had to take care of himself, make sure his workers were only safe and make sure they got the Job done. Cones) When he got his Job finished he was ready to go home to his wife and family. Delbert said there was nothing better than the boss saying may boys lets turf out her down, its time to go home. That was something they looked forward to after a long days work. Upchurch 2 He knew when he was a little boy he was difference to be a blacken miner. His grandfather, father and many close rela tives and friends were all coal miners.If you stand firmd in Harlan, more than likely you were going to be working in the mines. The best thing he liked about his Job was the challenge of hard work. He said he loved anything that came as challenge to him, he loved when he achieved exactly what he get along out to do. Cones) Jones said he misses working in the mines. If his health was better he would be objurgate back. He also said that most of his family worked in the mines, but he wouldn* want any of his grandchildren going through what he did to provide for his family. He said It was a good Job, but he could live without the aches and pain he feels veryday.Cones) Although life in the mines were hard, it was even harder on his dust. The twenty two years he gave the mines gave him back one destroyed body. He ended up having black lung disease from inhaling all of the coal dust which eventually turned in to COPD Cones) He also nad to go through vi back surgeries trom all ot the bending over and crawling he had to do. He said if you work in the mines you will come out with an old tattered up and worn down body. He would love to be living in Harlan, working dusk til dawn living the coal miners life. It was and will constantly be apart of who he is.Two of his sons also worked in the mines along side of him. They didn* put nearly as many years as he did, but put enough in to both be disabled with back injuries. Jones said it was important to him that he see them get out of there in front they got *lack lungand It take over the rest of their lives. He said he would have loved it if his body would have let him work long enough to retire from the mines. That was one of the goals he had set for himself that he didn* get to accomplish. Jones said he is somewhat thankful he got out when he did, if not the melodic phrase of the Job may have been too hard on

Jd Wetherspoon

Business Culture & Strategy 1. External surround foreign macro POLITICAL purlieu Tied kinsfolk system had been broken the number of pubs which a brewer could operate has been control Companies have been forced to choose between brewing and retailing, which resulted in sell brewing operations or chains of public houses and hotels. ECONOMIC surround Supermarkets began selling drinks at loss-leader prices -Supermarkets move around competitors to former(a) pubs by selling drinks, particularly premium larger, at cheaper prices and encouraging customers to buy them. SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT Government concern about binge drinking and anti-social behaviour -Pubs have bad publicity by binge drinking and the consequent anti-social behaviour of customers, especially in city centres, the busiest places. TECHNOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT Installed TV and sound systems in pubs -Majority of pubs have installed TV screens and sound systems, especially to show football matches. EXTERNAL micro CUSTOMERS Cu stomers with families want to dine out together Pubs now have a dedicated family area, which is restricted and limited to meal times only. Children are not allowed in the bar areas, which work good with the rest of customers. topical anesthetic GOVERNMENT transfigure in smoking law -Smoking inside the buildings has been banned in whole industry. completely pubs have to comply with law and they cannot have smoking areas inside their pubs. All smoking areas have to be outside the buildings. INTERNAL AUDIT HUMAN alternative AUDIT Involvement and communication with managers and staff JD Wetherspoon places groovy importance on listening to, acting on and receiving feedback from members of staff on all aspects of the business. All companies essay to motivate their staff to work by offering different benefits, providing training and meetings. PHYSICAL RESOURCES AUDIT sizing and location of premises Majority of JD Wetherspoon pubs are located in city centre in uplifted streets, whe re are visible and easy to find. All agreements try to be fairly large in inn to provide the automated teller machine and facilities for customers. FINANCIAL RESOURCE AUDIT Slowed down in sales and pay harvest-home -Companies figures shows that sales and amplification slowed down in last years. There is a risk of sales and profit falling down in the next years. OPPORTUNITY EXTERNAL MACRO POLITICAL Tied House system had been broken the number of pubs which a brewer could operate has been limitedWhy is it hazard? The guild as a new retailer can bring new customers to pubs. THREAT EXTERNAL MACRO ECONOMIC Supermarkets began selling drinks at loss-leader prices Why is it threat? The company might retire many customers, who go forth prefer to buy cheaper drinks and drink them at home instead of buying them in the pub. THREAT EXTERNAL MACRO SOCIAL Binge drinking and anti-social behaviour Why is it threat? The company might lose money for repairing damages and good customers who allow for be scared to come again to the pub subsequently seeing anti-social behaviour. OPPORTUNITYEXTERNAL MACRO TECHNOLOGICAL Installed TV and sound systems in pubs Why is it luck? Customers prefer sitting in pubs during football matches with other people, which increase sales and make nice atmosphere in the pub. OPPORTUNITY EXTERNAL MICRO CUSTOMERS Customers with families want to dine out together Why is it opportunity? By nice atmosphere and place to seat with children, families will go dine out more often, which will make bigger profit for formation. THREAT EXTERNAL MICRO LOCAL GOVERNMENT Change in smoking law Why is it threat? J D Wheterspoon might lose its customers.If the organisation will not prepare a smoking areas, customers, who are smoking might go to other pubs. STRENGTH INTERNAL HUMAN RESOURCES AUDIT Involvement and communication with managers and staff Why is it strength? The organisation has better communication with staff and managers and also they gain knowledge about staff needs for t apieceing and training. It leads to better morale and lower staff turnover. STRENGTH INTERNAL PHYSICAL RESOURCE AUDIT size and location of premises Why is it strength? Good location and bigger size of premises will bring more customers into the pub.They can more often come in for a dinner or for a drink in the town. It is also easier to meet with friends in the city centre. WEAKNESS FINANCIAL RESOURCE AUDIT Slowed down in sales and profit growth Why is it weakness? The J D Wheterspoon cannot open as many new pubs as they have planned, which will bring less profit than it was planned. LIST OF INSTRUCTION FOR DEVELOPING A SWOT 1. TO IDENTIFY OPPORTUNITIES AND THREATS YOU NEED TO fail EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT BY USING PEST FACTORS 2. TO IDENTIFY STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES BASED ON FIRMS PAST OPERATIONS, ANALYSE INTERNAL AUDIT 3.STRENGTHS, WEAKNESSES, OPPORTUNITIES AND THREATS CAN CHANGE AT DEPENDENCE OF TIME 4. SWOT HAS SOME SUBJECTIVITY, and so WHEN YOU ARE INTERPRETING A DATA, YOU HAVE TO BE VERY CAREFUL 5. REMEMBER SWOT summary HIGHLIGHTS THOSE FACTORS, WHICH HAVE TO BE CONSIDERED IT IS NOT A PART OF ORGANISATIONS STRATEGY 6. ORGANISATION DOES NOT HAVE TO concenter ONLY ON WEAKNESSES OR THREATS WHEN ANALYSING SWOT. THEY CAN TAKE ACTION ON ANY OF THEM OR to a greater extent IF THEY NEED IT. 2. Organisational Culture CORPORATE CULTURE It is the feel of the organisation, the way people act and behave towards each other and the way things get done.

Alara Agri Case

1. Should Taner fill in consumer research for Alara Agris prepackaged cherries or should he attempt to persuade German and Belgian retailers to conduct some tally marketing in their stores? Taner should engage in consumer research for Alara Agris prepackaged cherries because throughout the case, German and Belgian retailers were very pessimistic of the idea of prepackaged cherries, believing that the packaging would monish the consumers in their countries from buying because it does not give the farm fresh feel. The German and Belgian retailers also declared that their consumers were more price sensitive, and would not be pr 1 to packaging unlike other countries such as the UK which is an island. German and Belgian retailers were under the assumption that the UK consumer would pay more for packaged goods because they are an island, and it is not as easy to obtain such fruits and vegetables all in all year round.After reading studies, a Belgian report showed, an in-store assess r evealed less than 40 percent of consumers are able to state the correct price of a wave of mayonnaise immediately after purchase, more than 20 percent having no idea at all of the price charge. A German study of consumers at supermarkets found a staggering number of that under 70 percent of purchases were made at the point of sale, and that brand meant a lot, because it distinguished fibre items from not. 2. If you think consumer research is charm, what are the specifics of your research plan?The specifics that would be most grab for the research plan, would bedevil to be having a brand/label test, as well as a price test. The last-ditch goal is to propose the plan to the German and Belgian retailers, which is already touchy. The plan is to show a irregular cost increase but with a return far greater with the idea of longer ledge life, as well as a brand that would stick. The challenge to overcome is to figure out how to lead the German and Belgian retailers that the cost of convenience and character would catch on quickly as it did in Europe.The research plan will also include test marketing in the stores, perhaps with a credit to the retailers whose shelf space was wasted as a result of a failed attempt to step-up a new base of consumer. All in all, acquire the brand name out and getting it to stick with the meaning of quality, with an offering of good faith that if the attempt fails, the retailers would be reimburse to the fullest. 3. If you think test marketing by retail customers is appropriate, what are the specifics of your research plan?Test marketing is absolutely appropriate by retail consumers, because it allows a company to not throw all of their eggs in one basket only to study it fail. It gives the company an opportunity, as well, to determine whether or not it would be appropriate to make such a drastic change in an already established market. In night club to do this, we would need retailer willingness of shelf space for any cert ain amount of time. We would also have to implement a consumer report of customers who picked through cherries, as opposed to customers who picked up the punnets of cherries.This type of comparative data would allow us to show the Belgian and German retailers an analysis of growth, profit, and gross margin, ultimately convincing, or proving the Belgian and German retailers correct. 4. Do you have any other recommendations for Mr. Taner? My only other recommendations is that Mr. Taner prove his brand and quality meet the expectations of those he is trying to convince. Rightfully so, Mr. Taner has all of the tools he needs in order to make a thorough study which should allow him to obtain shelf space in German and Belgium, on the pretense that his changing of the market is an actual success.

Food Ethics Essay

The ethical motive surrounding food hasnt always been a major contributor in nonpargonils decision on what to eat. In the beginning, we would have to physic anyy hunt or gather our meals in order to survive. The choice of what was for breakfast, lunch or dinner solely relied on what was accessible to us. The ethical questions would whole come as a result of a modernized food system, where other options for food became accessible and convenient. In the essay understand the Lobster by David Foster Wallace, the author describes lobsters in in noative England in the 1800s as having an Unbelievable teemingness (238).Read more(prenominal)Good people analysisessayThese crustaceous creatures were all over the shores of New England. Wallace writes about the Boston seashore as, being littered with lobsters after hard storms (238). Yet, Lobster were considered downhearted-class and as Wallace states, eaten only by the poor and institutionalized (237). It was considered unethical to e ven feed the poor lobster more than once a week (238). This was modernized New England, which eventually changed at the turn of the century, just as Lobster shifted from being low class to chewable fuel. As the world became more industrialized, food became centralized.The shift from small workes to prominent companies started to occur. The lobster industry changed as well during these times as Wallace describes, Maines earliest lobster industry was based some a dozen such seaside canneries in the 1840s, from which lobster was shipped as far away as calcium (238). Just alike(p) the lobster industry in New England, m whatsoever companies in the United States started to fulfill the demands for products to promote a profit. Ethics became secondary to making money. Corporations would produce so much that they would drive the price down, increase its affordability and making it more accessible and widely consumed.Eventually, large companies would get under ones skin so efficient and affordable, that small businesses like farms and mom and pop shops found it increasingly difficult to compete. Many small companies and farms had to either adjust their products to recession markets or work as a subsidiary to these corporations. Along with mass production of products, was a bracing manuf spelluring process. Foods started to become streamlined in such a way that they would plow in the harshest of environments. These new forms of industrial enterprise lead to the creation of processed foods.The companies found ways to maximize net profit while making the be as affordable as possible for the consumer. The supermarkets offered everything one could think of, packaged and ready to eat. Although the prices for most foods were at an all-time low, hunger and malnutrition still existed. There were also issues arising regarding consumer trust in food safety, and the effects on the human bole. As a result of these cost efficient products, people in the United States s tarted to become increasingly heavy, leading to an obesity epidemic and a major health crisis.The ethical issues involving economical mien of consumers and agricultural ethics argon at question. Is it unethical for corporations to mass produce unhealthy foods, knowing the unseemly side effects on the environment and ontogenesis rates of obesity in the United States? The make out seemed to lead to, the more affordable the food, the more we consume. Is this a personal line of work or are the companies to tear for offering these products to us? We must first look into the goals of a business and if ethics play any part in the obligations to supply our population with affordable food.The very basic objective to any business is to puddle a profit. This is what allows companies to continue function and thrive. The best way for this to happen is to make something that is sellable and where at that place is room for profit. In the food industry corn whisky is not only a commodity i ts a common ingredient in almost every product on our shelves. According to Michael Pollan, in his book, The Omnivores Dilemma, It is also used to feed most of the faunas that become meats in our supermarkets. To say that corn is widely used would be an understatement.It seemed that we couldnt produce enough of this plant. Not only is our climate great for growing it, we also were able to store it very effectively. The boom in corn production can be traced back to the nineteen seventies. Since those resembling years, Americans average daily intake of calories has jumped by more than 10 percent (Pollan 102). The reason for this increase caloric intake leaves many to question whether people are eating more because its less expensive or people are eating the same amounts but the food contains more calories.Either way, the companies that were producing these items didnt seem to be bothered by the problem affecting three of every five Americans being overweight (Pollan 102). The trut h is that the companies are driven by profits. The Americans who consume these foods create the profits. totitionally, a lot of these companies are traded on the public market and have a responsibility to their shareholders, who subsequently are the same ones buying these foods. So the companies were being driven to make profits for the people invested.Two of the biggest soda companies in the world, Coca-Cola and Pepsi, have followed these trends as well. As Pollen says, By 1984, Coca-Cola and Pepsi had switched over entirely from sugar to high-fructose corn syrup. Why? Because HFCS was a few cents cheaper than sugar (thanks in part to tariffs on trade sugarcane secured by corn refiners) and consumers didnt seem to notice the substitution (104). Its as if these corn companies were monopolizing the industry, trying to turn-over as much product as possible.The increased production would eventually lead to increased portion coats. Instead of lowering the prices of products, companie s started charging a small upcharge for additional food and soda. This practice of continually good turn over product has become so dangerous that now, in 2000 the yield of people suffering from overnutrition-a billion- had surpassed the number suffering from malnutrition-800 million (Pollan 102). There is clearly something broken with this system. These companies are catering to our consumer appetites and enabling us to act accordingly.You would think that the prices of the food being low would solve our food problems globally, but the answer is unfortunately no. These companies are in places where there is both a market for high sales and where they can grow these crops. Most of the areas that are facing malnutrition are in remote areas of the world. These areas wouldnt make the companies money and therefor there isnt an incentive for them. On the other hand, America is of course one of the largest consumer countries in the world. Our thirst for food is unsurpassed by most cou nties.There is no question that Americans have a impudent tooth. It is part of the human makeup to consume high zippo foods and is linked to natural selection. According to Pollan, Add fat or sugar to anything and its going to taste better on the tongue of an animal that natural selection has wired to seek out energy-dense foods (107). Pollan also suggests that, natural selection predisposed us to the taste of sugar and fat (its texture as well as taste) because sugars and fats offer the most energy (which is what a calorie is) per bite (106).Its only natural for humans to consume these ingredients, because after all we are predisposed to do them. This of course doesnt mean that we are completely free of strike for our overindulging. We are all individuals and are responsible in formulating our own decisions. The companies which provide us with these calorie-packed foods and beverages also sway their nutritional information on the packages. If we were to eat any packaged foods, we would be responsible for understanding the health risks involved.The real problem is whether we have the mental capacity to control our physical urges. There is extensive inquiry that suggests, people presented with large portions will eat up to 30 percent more (Pollan 106). At one time in our history, this might have served us. Now, there is no question that our bodies are becoming poisoned from this. clear-sighted all of this information, companies continue doing their best to offer these calorie-packed foods. This is evident in just about every watershed store and fast food restaurant.The ethics concerning public safety and effects on the human body are clear. Companies are only concerned over their ability to raise a profit. Their aim to create profits from the overconsumption of high energy foods has been effective in making Americans unhealthy, while continuing to turn over profits. While the companies are certainly a large part of the problem, the consumers are also t o blame. They have enabled this overproduction by continuing to consume the same products making them sick.Additionally, people seem to be ignoring their recommended caloric intakes and are choosing to eat more and more. Companies can only be blamed for producing products with limited nutritional value. They are ethically absolved of their responsibilities if they inform their consumers properly. Their goal is to make profits, not worry whether their consumers are eating the recommended serving size or not. The best way to take control of this issue would to be to consume less and fill healthier options as individuals. The more aware we become as individuals, the healthier we will become as a society.

Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 5

economics - Essay ExampleAccording to an academic understanding, term aggregate is recognised on the basis of entreat and supply which include Aggregate Demand (AD) and Aggregate Supply (AS) (Gwartney & et. al., 2012). In this essay, the discussion highly focuses on the concept of Aggregate Supply (AS). The discussion also incorporates an analysis of three divulge factors that might deliver the AS curve to shift using appropriate graphical illustrations. Additionally, the discussion includes the example of the UK in basis of analysing the major influencing factors on the estates aggregate supply portfolios.The concept of Aggregate Supply (AS) in economics principally represents the existing relationship among the price and the quantity level with the total amount of goods or services supplied. In general, the concept of AS refers to the overall supply of commodities and services produced within a fact nation (Mankiw, 2014).The changes in the AS curve are generally influenced b y a number of factors of a ill-tempered nation. However, the change in the AS curve shift is primarily influenced by three key factors that include economic maturation, change in input price and substitution effect of goods/services of that particular country.The positive growth rate in an economy is resulted by the increase in productive resources including motor and capital of a country. The availability of abundant labour and/or capital resources helps to produce extensive song of final goods and/or services as well as provide support to increase the yearly GDP growth rates. In this regard, a positive growth rate of economy of a country is represented by a shift towards the right of the AS curve. On the other hand, the lower growth rate of economy represents shift towards the left side of the AS curve (Mankiw, 2014).In relation to the present-day(prenominal) economic performance of the UK, the country has been witnessing unabated fluctuation