Nick as reliable narrator Essay

â€Å"I am one of the few honest people that I have ever known†. Discuss. Nick Carraway, the narrator of the great American novel The Great Gatsby written by F. Scott Fitzgerald, is often heralded as one of the greatest narrators of all time. However, whether Nick was a reliable narrator is an issue that is up for debate, with my personal belief being that Nick was not a reliable narrator, due to his fondness for exaggeration and contradiction, and his obvious idolization of Jay Gatsby. Firstly, Nick is predisposed with a theatrical and exaggerated nature. This is visible from the very quote being discussed in this essay: Nick states that he is â€Å"one of the few honest people [he knows]†. This shows clearly how Nick does not put much in store by modesty or restraint or objectivity, even when discussing his self. These theatrics furthermore lead to inconsistencies and further contradictions within the narrative—Nick states at one point that â€Å"sometimes [pa rty guests] came and went [to Gatsby’s parties] with a simplicity of heart† but that he, actually, â€Å"was invited†¦ the honor would be entirely Gatsby’s†¦ if I would attend his ‘little party’†. However, it’s seen later on in the narrative that despite Nick’s posturing, Gatsby does not recognize Nick at his own party. This therefore shows how Nick’s theatrical and exaggerated nature occasionally compromises the objectivity of his narrative, and therefore, with his history of being contradictory (as evidenced in the previous paragraph) this therefore shows clearly that Nick’s objectivity is not to be trusted, and that he is an unreliable narrator whose vanity supercedes his honesty. Furthermore, Nick exhibits his tendency toward contradiction through various points in the text. He states very early off in the text that he’s â€Å"inclined to reserve all judgment†, when he, in fact, does nothing but pass (negative) judgment on other people repeatedly throughout the text: he describes George Wilson as â€Å"a spiritless man† and Jordan Baker as being â€Å"incurably dishonest†, Tom as â€Å"pathetic† and Mr McKee as â€Å"feminine†. However, Nick lauds himself as being â€Å"one of the few honest people [he knows]†Ã¢â‚¬â€something his clearly judgmental behavior proves him not to be. This, in and of itself, is indicative of Nick’s contradictory nature. The fact that Nick is so given to contradiction therefore casts doubts on whether his narrative is completely trustworthy. It is also important to note that Nick, as a narrator, does not seem to be intentionally malicious in making judgments of other peopleâ⠂¬â€these judgments instead seem to  integrate themselves effortlessly into the narrative in a way he seems not to notice (except in the case of Gatsby, as will be expounded upon later on in this essay). His contradictory nature kicks in mostly in his expansive descriptions of himself (his tendency toward exaggeration/theater, as explained above), in his describing himself as â€Å"honest† and, later, as an esteemed invitee of Gatsby’s party, to name a few examples. This ambiguous contradiction therefore blurs the line between fact and fiction as the reader, led through the story through Nick’s perspective, is caught in the ambiguity of Nick’s judgments and is unable to detach himself to decide whether they are, as unconscious as they seem, truth or scathing fiction. In other words, the reader is made uncertain if Nick’s contradictory narrative is purely a result of his exaggeration and his conceit, or whether a grain of truth lies in his judgments. Therefore, we can see how Nick’s contradictory nature and his tendency toward ambiguity clearly makes Nick Carraway not an unbiased and objective narrator who is reliable in any way. Finally, Nick is an unreliable narrator due to his obvious partiality toward Gatsby. Nick states clearly at one point that â€Å"[Gatsby] represents everything for which [he has] an unaffected scorn†, and repeatedly expresses his good opinion of Gatsby through favorable descriptions of him and his actions (â€Å"elegant young rough-neck†). He also opens the novel with a line that seems to beg the reader’s good opinion of Gatsby, beseeching the reader to â€Å"remember that all the people in the world haven’t had the advantages that you’ve had†. This impartiality is evident throughout the text, where Nick will repeatedly disregard right and wrong or the feelings of others to benefit Gatsby: as evidenced by his assisting Gatsby with getting into Daisy’s favor. This shows clearly the extent of Nick’s dedication to Gatsby, and the degrees to which Nick will go to protect him. This obvious and unflagging dedication to Gatsby therefore forces the reader to see the story through Nick’s eyes of idolatry. Where the more ambiguous and offhand contradictions may at least provide the reader space to speculate, it is almost impossible to imagine a story without Gatsby as how Nick portrays him: a tragic, righteous hero—and thus we can see that, in narrating Gatsby’s story, Nick Carraway cannot be an objective narrator. Therefore we can see how, through various intervals in the text, Nick Carraway is actually not an unbiased and â€Å"honest† narrator as he is influenced variedly  by his contrad ictory and theatrical nature, as well as his obvious idolization of Gatsby.

Language-rich classroom

It is necessary to admit that acquisition of new words shouldn’t be only particular stage in child development. Developing language skills is very important stage in literacy development of every child. Children acquire new words through everyday interactions with parents, friends and school teachers. Recent researches suggest that â€Å"number of words spoken to children in the first three years of life and the quality of the feedback they receive have a significant impact on their success in school†. (Lynn 1997) Many researchers and psychologists claim that children should be placed in language-rich environment to develop their skills better and faster. Language-rich environment at school is of great importance because children are provided with abundance of environmental print and text to practice reading, as well as they face written and oral language. Furthermore, children are allowed to ask for support of parents or caregivers. Such classrooms increase children’s awareness and help to develop alphabetic principles and enrich vocabulary. The role of a teacher in such classroom is integral as he/she supplies children with necessary textbooks and other materials. Distinguished feature of such classroom is that teachers don’t criticize their students; instead, they encourage them and involve in writing and reading activities. Conversation is an essential part of language-rich environment. The main characteristics of language-rich classroom are the following: 1.   teachers read books aloud every day because reading motivates conversation and, therefore, children develop new vocabulary, sentence structures, and they overcome fear to speak aloud; 2.   teachers encourage pretend talk and pretend play because opening â€Å"the frame of reference into the world of pretend gives additional opportunity for new vocabulary and predicting skills†; (What Are The Features 2006) 3.    teachers value children’ efforts and options meaning that teachers ask children to support their hypothesis or claim; it will help to develop though process and make children to defend their position and extend their thinking; 4.    children are treated as people with interesting and extraordinary experience meaning that children are encouraged during their mealtime or play time to discuss interesting moments with each other; (What Are The Features 2006) 5.    teachers introduce words – they can be written of every object in a classroom. There are many instructional strategies how to support language-rich environment. For example, teachers should speak slowly at first and shouldn’t distort their language. Nevertheless, two strategies seem to be of top priority in every classroom. Firstly, teachers should label every object in classroom because it will help newcomers to understand the meanings of the objects at school. Secondly, teachers school from the very beginning of the studies to assign classroom duties among all students because it will help them to consider themselves part of the classroom. Duties will also develop the sense of duty and responsibility. It goes without saying that all strategies suggest that students should be praised for their work, eve if the task is very simply. (Literacy Development 2004) Finally, parents and caregivers should be also interested and encourage taking part in children’s development. Researchers say that children who communicate with parents every day develop language skills better than children who don’t. Therefore, parent should understand that their children are interesting personality and they want to develop speaking, reading, writing and listening skills. Parents should talk to their children, firstly, about children’s everyday experiences and activities, ask them to describe object, relations with other students. Parent should consider that children are fond of pretend play and should make up stories and poems with them. Drawing and scribbling are the best ways to encourage writing. (What Are The Features 2006) References Lynn, Leon. (1997). Language-Rich Home and School Environments Are Key to Reading Success. Retrieved July 12, 2007, from http://www.edletter.org/past/issues/1997-ja/language.shtml   

Australian Taxation Law System

Taxation system has been introduced with the prime objective to raise the amount of revenue for the purpose of making government expenditure. Several tax reforms and reviews have been considered to evaluate the stability and sustainability to the extent of revenue generated by the current tax regulations. Accordingly, a mittee review had been adopted to analyse the future tax system of Australia together with the evaluation of sustainability of the present tax reforms[1]. Sources of tax revenue collection involvei e tax from the individual taxpayers, professionals and business organisations along with the duties and tax charges on production and sale of goods and services. One such tax known as value- added tax had been introduced by the Australian legislation in the form of Goods and Service Tax (GST) on July 8 1999. Australian regulations on GST incorporates single rate and assessed under the norms of VAT in accordance with the institutional theory that created the law for domestic consumption. Value- added tax is considered as consumption tax that has been adopted by many countries that is imposed on the production and sales of goods by wholesalers and retailers[2]. However, introduction of Goods and Service Tax under the VAT reforms failed to initiate successive rates on the Australian Government due to several political terms. It has been noted that the tax charges based on GST incorporates certain inherent problems against the prevailing tax system which was more plex and associated higher costs to administer the taxation system. In addition, the existing system of tax reflected inefficiency in the economy that affected the adequate collection of revenue and incorporated tax avoidance practices[3]. Accordingly, Asprey mittee endorsed the legislations of VAT to review the taxation system of Australia considering the various criticism of the existing taxation system in terms of inadequacy as well as inefficiency. The primary objective of the Asprey mittee review is to provide broad- based VAT regulations eliminating the existing inadequate regulations that created the space for tax avoidance practices and inadequate revenue collection. The obje ctive of Asprey mittee review included tax levy on value- added tax at the level of wholesale marketing so that the burden of tax charges should not be on i e taxation rather on goods and services taxation[4]. Further, the review provided by Asprey mittee was established with the view to broaden the base of i e tax with respect to the capital gain taxes and direct business i e to strengthen the tax reforms on estate. Review of the Asprey mittee was established to broaden the aspect to GST that incorporates applicable tax rates, taxable amount and taxable period which was reported in the case of Interchase Corporation Ltd v ACN 010 087 573 Pty Ltd (2000) ATR 445. The decided case incorporated the issue on determination of GST liability for the future liability as the supply of goods was not established. Similar to the case of Walter Construction Group Limited v Walker Corporation Ltd (2001), court held that the liability of the plaintiff to pay the amount of goods and service tax could not arise as the goods were not delivered during the taxation period. It was further held that the meaning of supply in this case was not established as per stated in the Australian legislation. Therefore, Asprey mittee review had been considered to extend the legislation of tax revenue from the supply of goods and services to incorporate the appropriate principles on tax charges[5]. The mittee review had been consi dered with the objective to create the tax collection regulations in accordance with the principles equality and fairness so that the government of Australia can collect the adequate amount of revenue. The objectives of Asprey Reports further associated with the tax regulations on capital gains which in turn related to tax collection from real- estate trading. It was noted in the earlier taxation system that the taxation government was unable to collect sufficient revenue due to excess exemption regulation on the sale of capital asset[6]. Many taxpayers considered the sale of property or estate as capital asset even if it took place under normal business activities or as isolated transaction with the intention of earning profit. Therefore, Australian government experienced inadequacy in revenue since there was no tax applicable on the i e generated from capital asset. Accordingly, Asprey review mittee provided amendments to revise the tax regime on capital asset at different rates s o that the government can collect tax revenues in fair manner[7]. As the mittee r mended to shift the tax burden to the products or services from the i e tax, it was criticized by several other tax munity. It was further noted that the political influence on considering the tax reforms r mended by the mittee of Asprey delayed the implementations. Accordingly, the initial r mendations to widen the scope of tax revenue collection in terms of VAT and GST was never implemented within the Australian Federation. It was further observed that the reports provided by Asprey addressed the concerns of equity by r mending tax collection through capital gains for sale of capital assets during the period of1970s[8]. However, this r mendation of the mittee also failed and was not implemented by the Australian government for several years since the tax levy suggested by the mittee incorporated tax rates on real estate which might affect the country’s economy. On the contrary, the Australian Government considered the single rate on value added tax for supply of goods and services as r mended by the Asprey mittee. Single tax rate on GST was considered to incorporate fair and transparent tax liability for the wholesalers who have little knowledge on measuring the appropriate amount of tax liability. Accordingly, tax ruling 2001/4 has been initiated and considered by the Australian Federation including the amended meaning of supply of goods and services so that the government can collect fair and adequate revenue to strengthen the government revenue[9].   Taxation system incorporates i e from personal purpose as well as i e from business operations that involves several tax reforms based on business resources and i e factors. Tax on business i e is required to be determined by considering i e from business, investment i e and i e from other sources as deducted by the respective costs incurred to generate such the taxable i e. In order to measure business i e, several costs and expenses that are allowed as deduction as per the regulations of federal government include non- cash charges like depreciation charges. Depreciation charges is said to be the significant factor for tax purpose, which affects the corporate tax rates that eventually influence the capital investment at corporate level[10]. It has been examined that the tax reform on the capital investment had been affected through the distribution of corporate plant as well as equipment resulted in several tax benefits under the existing taxation system. Such tax benefits to the c orporate seemed to affect the governmental revenue in Australia due to the negative alliance between the capital investment and capital costs. Accordingly, Ralph Review of Business Taxation had been proposed during the year 1999 providing several tax reform proposals that would impact the capital investment for Australian Corporate[11]. The objective of the proposal provided under the business taxation review established by Ralph was to consider the factor of accelerated depreciation factor to determine the corporate taxable i e. As per the existing tax system in Australia, many taxpayers used the accelerated depreciation charges to reduce the taxable i e, which resulted in decline of capital investment. Therefore, review on business taxation had been established with the objective of removing the extra benefits of accelerated depreciation so that the negative association between the several tax variables can be removed[12]. It was further noted that the major objective of Ralph review on business taxation was to incorporate the changes in basic design to the system of corporate tax in Australia so that the decisions on capital investment could be beneficially effective. In the existing taxation system, it has been noted that the accelerated depreciation method did not constitute the factor of economic life of asset , which resulted in charging the excess amount of depreciation and reduce the taxable i e of corporate. Therefore, the objective of Ralph review involved the potential changes in the accelerated depreciation including the factor of â€Å"effective life† on the basis of asset’s economic life to alter the incentive of corporate fixed assets. In addition, the business taxation review given by Ralph involved the proposal to reduce the tax rates on corporate from 36% to the rate of 34% during the year 2000- 2001. The objective of reduction on corporate tax was to pensate the increase affect of accelerated depreciation so that the investment cash flow of the panies reflects increased balance[13]. Establishment of Ralph review on business taxation was considered with the objective of improving the capital investment so that the country’s economy can be improved. Further, the objective of several tax reforms presented by Ralph review involved to improve the tax regulations for revenue collection by the government considering the factor of certainty and equality. Before the proposal on accelerated depreciation factor, taxation system to determine the business i e used by corporate resulted in consideration of excess benefits from the depreciation provision from large number of assets[14]. Besides, it was a problem for small business organisations since they used to employ small value of assets to operate the business i e therefore, the amount of depreciation charges reflected lower value. Such differences reflected inequality in the tax reforms and uncertainty in deducting the allowable charges measuring the net i e. Therefore, the Ralph review had been presented to mitig ate such differences and inequalities in the corporate tax system as well as to attract the corporate investments system. Considering the tax reforms proposed under the review, the federal government of Australia considered the removal of accelerated depreciation and including the factor of economic life in fixed assets. The federal government of Australia considered the implementation of r mendation provided under the review by including the â€Å"effective life† while calculating the depreciation charges[15]. Australian government implemented this r mendation to place the equality in tax regulations for large as well as small entities so that the excessive deduction amount can be discouraged. In addition, the government also considered the r mendation of reducing the corporate tax rate r mended by Ralph review. Tax reform on reducing the corporate tax rate had been implemented by the federal government of Australia to mitigate the affect of removal of accelerated depreciation as well as to provide certainty in determining the corporate tax liabilities. It has been noted that the decisions for c orporate investment is highly influenced by the corporate tax rate since the expected returns from investments are subjected to taxability at the prevailing corporate tax rates[16]. Further, corporate tax rates involve benefits in terms of tax shields and taxability at marginal rates in the form of tax incentives. R mendation provided under Ralph review considered the factor for corporations having low i e in order to provide them the benefits of tax shield other than the parative treatment on depreciation charges on fixed assets. For the purpose of improvement of country’s economy, panies are provided with the capital assistance in the efficient market if the performance of pany reflects opportunities for investment. Accordingly, tax rates and sources of tax liability should be incorporated on the panies so that the net cash flows of the corporate represent increased balance[17]. Additionally, it is essential to improve the pany’s capital structure to improve the financial leverage so that the scope of return on capital can be established. The panies are required to maintain the capital balance with respect to debts and equity that provides the op portunity for corporate investment. Therefore, the Australian government considered the r mendation of Ralph review on reducing the corporate tax rate so that it attracts the investment opportunities. As a consequence, the panies will generate more i e which will attract tax liabilities and eventually improve the tax revenue for the government of Australia. Similarly, tax reform on accelerated depreciation provision had been implemented to provide equality in the depreciation charges for large business entities as well as for small business organisations[18]. Henry Tax Review originally named as â€Å"Australia’s Future Tax System Review† which was missioned in the year 2008 by Rudd Government. The purpose of Henry Tax Review was to provide guidance to the reforms of taxation system over the future years. It was noted that the review had been established to consider the collection of tax revenue on the basis of efficiency related to the i e from business as well as i e from personal consumption. Considering the existing taxation system, it has been noted that the tax i e from the i es based on economic rents raised from natural resources or from the sources of land did not reflect appropriate revenue collection[19]. In addition, transactions related to the specific policy reflected inappropriate tax reforms in the existing taxation system hence the review had been missioned to consider such issues. Under the Henry Tax Review, certain issues were covered to examine the requirement of councils to set the appropriate and suffic ient tax rates on the taxable i e. Issues on integration of tax rates together with the tax on land had been monitored so that the distribution of financial assistance to the government of Australia would be uniform. Other issues that were examined under the tax review involved problems related to housing affordability by the Australian residents, long- term financial capacity as well as solicitation of economic rent[20]. Accordingly, the Henry Tax Review had been established with the objective to serve significant role to the taxation system for providing quality public services in funding so that it creates benefit to the social members together with the economy. One of the primary objectives of Henry Tax Reviews incorporated greater impact on the growth rate of the economy as well as optimum allocation of resources. In addition, the tax review had been established with the objective of raising revenue for the government without affecting the efficiency of the economy as well as minimising the tax plexity for the members[21]. For an effective tax reforms it is essential for the taxation government to have tax collection principles based on equity and fair structure that deals with the challenges with respect to the social, economic and environmental factors. Accordingly, the objectives of review covered the examination of taxation system to create a fair and transparent tax structure so as to create suitable balance between the i e from business and profession, i e from investment and other savings and consumption of products[22]. As the existing tax system lacks efficiency in the manner of collecting tax, systems for payment transfer and other tax arrangements on transfer of assets or consumption, Henry Tax Review was missioned to monitor the problems. The objective of tax review associated with the improvement in tax systems to be collected from the transfer of investments or assets, taxation for pany’s i e and tax collection system from other forms and sources. In addition, the review was mission with the objective of providing simple regulations to the taxpayers in accordance with the suitable arrangements in the administrative system for the Federation of Australian Government[23]. The Henry Tax review was mission to analyse and monitor the policy of the government with respect to the existing tax rates as well as to preserve the payments for superannuation funds which was tax- free. It was r mended under the tax review that the policy of the Government for tax regulations should be consistent in accordance with the country’s mitments to maintain the gross domestic product (GDP). In order to maintain the adequacy and fair approach in the transfer system, the tax review r mended to incorporate the policies by improving the relevant incentives to the work culture together with the specific concessions[24]. It was further noticed that many taxpayers for payment of tax on personal i e possess little knowledge on the interpretation and application of tax regulations, hence the review r mended to amend the existing legislations in simple and transparent manner. It was contended in the review that imposition of taxation system in equitable and transparent manne r is essential to generate appropriate amount of tax revenues that eventually enhances the country’s economy together with the munity benefits. Other than the tax reforms on personal i e, the tax review r mended to provide efficient taxation system on land acquisition or transfer in association with taxation system on country’s resources[25]. Such tax reforms would assist the country to improve the financial economy and welfare of the munity. The Henry tax review also considered that the taxation system for Australian residents so that the acquisition of housing can be more affordable by considering the regulations on rent assistance, land tax and tax on transfers. In view of the several r mendations provided by the Henry Tax review to improve the transparency in taxation system, integration of tax rates and land tax had been implemented. R mendation on integration of tax had been implemented to provide uniform valuation method for the purpose of tax on land resulting in cost savings and improvement in governmental standards. Further, r mendation on distribution of grants for financial assistance had been implemented to cover the tax shortfall and improve the governmental access to collect adequate revenue. This implementation was based to maintain rational distribution and equalization of tax legislations and tax rates to collect revenue. In addition, r mendation given on the housing affordability for the Australian residents was considered significant since it created the benchmark for Australian economy[26]. It was contended that several factors related to housing affordability involved environmental regulations; provision on infrastructure policy on transport and labour power for construction should provide uniform pliance structure. The r mendation on the policy related to infrastructure was implemented to consider the related charges and housing supply to provide improved tax reforms. For the purpose of creating rational tax system in the Australian economy, r mendation on abolition of inefficient tax reforms like insurance tax, payroll tax, tax on transfer of property or luxury car have been implemented[27]. Such implementation was considered to empower the economy and to create accountable regulations to collect adequate revenue for the benefit of country as well as the munity. Arrow, K.J. and Lind, R.C. Uncertainty and the evaluation of public investment decisions.  Journal of Natural Resources Policy Research,  (2014) 6(1), pp.29-44. Bentley, R.J., Pevalin, D., Baker, E., Mason, K., Reeves, A. and Beer, A. Housing affordability, tenure and mental health in Australia and the United Kingdom: a parative panel analysis.  Housing Studies,  (2016) 31(2), pp.208-222. Braid, R.M., Symmetric tax petition with multiple jurisdictions in each metropolitan area.  The American economic review,  (1996) 86(5), pp.1279-1290. Bryant, L. and Eves, C. The link between infrastructure charges and housing affordability in Australia: where is the empirical evidence?.  Australian Planner,  (2014) 51(4), pp.307-317. Cao, R., Chapple, L.J. and Sadiq, K. Taxation determinations as de facto regulation: private equity exits in Australia.  Australian Tax Review,  (2014) 43(2), pp.118-141. Cheng, C.A., Huang, H.H., Li, Y. and Stanfield, J. The effect of hedge fund activism on corporate tax avoidance.  The Accounting Review,  (2012) 87(5), pp.1493-1526. Dixon, P.B. and Rimmer, M.T. eds.  Dynamic general equilibrium modelling for forecasting and policy: a practical guide and documentation of MONASH (2001). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Eccleston, R. and Marsh, I., The Henry tax review, cartel parties and the reform capacity of the Australian state.  Australian journal of political science,  (2011) 46(3), pp.437-451. Engel, K., VAT falling on small business: value-added tax.  Tax Breaks Newsletter,  (2016) (360), pp.2-3. Evans, C., Hansford, A., Hasseldine, J., Lignier, P., Smulders, S. and Vaillancourt, F. Small business and tax pliance costs: A cross-country study of managerial benefits and tax concessions.  eJournal of Tax Research,  (2014) 12(2), p.453. Han, J., Park, K. and Pennacchi, G. Corporate taxes and securitization.  The Journal of Finance,  (2015) 70(3), pp.1287-1321. Kitchen, J. and Knittel, M. Business Use of Section 179 Expensing and Bonus Depreciation, (2016) 2002-2014. Ling, S.C., Osman, A., Muhammad, S., Yeng, S.K. and Jin, L.Y. Goods and Services Tax (GST) pliance among Malaysian Consumers: The Influence of Price, Government Subsidies and I e Inequality.  Procedia Economics and Finance, (2016)  35, pp.198-205. Long, B. A taxing issue: Reflections of Christian economists on tax reform in Australia.  St Mark's Review, (2016) (235), p.v. Mangioni, V. Land Tax in Australia: Fiscal Reform of Sub-national Government (2015). Routledge. Panteghini, P.M. and Vergalli, S. Accelerated depreciation, default risk and investment decisions.  Journal of Economics,  (2016) 119(2), pp.113-130. Park, J. The impact of depreciation savings on investment: Evidence from the corporate Alternative Minimum Tax.  Journal of Public Economics, (2016)  135, pp.87-104. Pomeranz, D., No taxation without information: Deterrence and self-enforcement in the value added tax.  The American Economic Review, (2015)  105(8), pp.2539-2569. Richardson, G. and Lanis, R. Determinants of the variability in corporate effective tax rates and tax reform: Evidence from Australia.  Journal of Accounting and Public Policy,  (2007) 26(6), pp.689-704. Schenk, A., Thuronyi, V. and Cui, W. Value Added Tax (2015). Cambridge University Press. Thomson, N.J. Taxation and the Asprey and Mathews reports.  The Australian Quarterly,  (1976) 48(4), pp.76-87. Tilt, C.A. and Symes, C.F. Environmental disclosure by Australian mining panies: environmental conscience or mercial reality?. In  Accounting Forum  (1999) June (Vol. 23, No. 2, pp. 137-154). von Weizsà ¤cker, E.U. and Jesinghaus, J. Ecological tax reform. In  Ernst Ulrich von Weizsà ¤cker  (2014) (pp. 99-118). Springer International Publishing. Williams, C.C. and Martinez-Perez, A. Why do consumers purchase goods and services in the informal economy?.  Journal of Business Research,  (2014) 67(5), pp.802-806. Thomson, N.J. Taxation and the Asprey and Mathews reports.  The Australian Quarterly,  (1976) 48(4), pp.76-87. Tilt, C.A. and Symes, C.F. Environmental disclosure by Australian mining panies: environmental conscience or mercial reality?. In  Accounting Forum  (1999) June (Vol. 23, No. 2, pp. 137-154). Dixon, P.B. and Rimmer, M.T. eds.  Dynamic general equilibrium modelling for forecasting and policy: a practical guide and documentation of MONASH (2001). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Schenk, A., Thuronyi, V. and Cui, W. Value Added Tax (2015). Cambridge University Press. von Weizsà ¤cker, E.U. and Jesinghaus, J. Ecological tax reform. In  Ernst Ulrich von Weizsà ¤cker  (2014) (pp. 99-118). Springer International Publishing. Pomeranz, D., No taxation without information: Deterrence and self-enforcement in the value added tax.  The American Economic Review, (2015)  105(8), pp.2539-2569. Engel, K., VAT falling on small business: value-added tax.  Tax Breaks Newsletter,  (2016) (360), pp.2-3. Ling, S.C., Osman, A., Muhammad, S., Yeng, S.K. and Jin, L.Y. Goods and Services Tax (GST) pliance among Malaysian Consumers: The Influence of Price, Government Subsidies and I e Inequality.  Procedia Economics and Finance, (2016)  35, pp.198-205. Engel, K., VAT falling on small business: value-added tax.  Tax Breaks Newsletter,  (2016) (360), pp.2-3. Williams, C.C. and Martinez-Perez, A. Why do consumers purchase goods and services in the informal economy?.  Journal of Business Research,  (2014) 67(5), pp.802-806. Richardson, G. and Lanis, R. Determinants of the variability in corporate effective tax rates and tax reform: Evidence from Australia.  Journal of Accounting and Public Policy,  (2007) 26(6), pp.689-704. Braid, R.M., Symmetric tax petition with multiple jurisdictions in each metropolitan area.  The American economic review,  (1996) 86(5), pp.1279-1290. Evans, C., Hansford, A., Hasseldine, J., Lignier, P., Smulders, S. and Vaillancourt, F. Small business and tax pliance costs: A cross-country study of managerial benefits and tax concessions.  eJournal of Tax Research,  (2014) 12(2), p.453. Panteghini, P.M. and Vergalli, S. Accelerated depreciation, default risk and investment decisions.  Journal of Economics,  (2016) 119(2), pp.113-130. Kitchen, J. and Knittel, M. Business Use of Section 179 Expensing and Bonus Depreciation, (2016) 2002-2014. Park, J. The impact of depreciation savings on investment: Evidence from the corporate Alternative Minimum Tax.  Journal of Public Economics, (2016)  135, pp.87-104. Arrow, K.J. and Lind, R.C. Uncertainty and the evaluation of public investment decisions.  Journal of Natural Resources Policy Research,  (2014) 6(1), pp.29-44. Panteghini, P.M. and Vergalli, S. Accelerated depreciation, default risk and investment decisions.  Journal of Economics,  (2016) 119(2), pp.113-130. Eccleston, R. and Marsh, I., The Henry tax review, cartel parties and the reform capacity of the Australian state.  Australian journal of political science,  (2011) 46(3), pp.437-451. Cheng, C.A., Huang, H.H., Li, Y. and Stanfield, J. The effect of hedge fund activism on corporate tax avoidance.  The Accounting Review,  (2012) 87(5), pp.1493-1526. Han, J., Park, K. and Pennacchi, G. Corporate taxes and securitization.  The Journal of Finance,  (2015) 70(3), pp.1287-1321. Long, B. A taxing issue: Reflections of Christian economists on tax reform in Australia.  St Mark's Review, (2016) (235), p.v. Mangioni, V. Land Tax in Australia: Fiscal Reform of Sub-national Government (2015). Routledge. Bentley, R.J., Pevalin, D., Baker, E., Mason, K., Reeves, A. and Beer, A. Housing affordability, tenure and mental health in Australia and the United Kingdom: a parative panel analysis.  Housing Studies,  (2016) 31(2), pp.208-222. Bryant, L. and Eves, C. The link between infrastructure charges and housing affordability in Australia: where is the empirical evidence?.  Australian Planner,  (2014) 51(4), pp.307-317. Cao, R., Chapple, L.J. and Sadiq, K. Taxation determinations as de facto regulation: private equity exits in Australia.  Australian Tax Review,  (2014) 43(2), pp.118-141. Mangioni, V. Land Tax in Australia: Fiscal Reform of Sub-national Government (2015). Routledge.

Sociology of sports Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Sociology of sports - Essay Example and the inclusion of sports proves to be factored in to create the general feel of the social class, part of which is the routine that determines their habits. Involvement in sports is not for mere recreation only. Most people in democratic countries find sports as a recreation that cannot be afforded by the middle and lower class at regular intervals. While the white collar workers have a day off to enjoy themselves, the less privileged are not as fortunate. Usually sports enter the life of lenient families during Sundays when the park is littered by middle class families that have pronounced it a holiday. Meanwhile, the upper class families tend to go to golf clubs or enjoy themselves in tennis matches and the likes. It is also a common affair to spend recreational brainstorming during play offs and seasonal charters after a pool game. Although these do not necessarily affect the outcome of the events precursor to their appointment, seeing the environment as a relaxed environment helps lessen stress. It is not uncommon for movies including royalties to be displayed with racket or fencing sword in hand. This is an embodiment of the idea that to be accepted in the noble circle one must be adept at sciences as well as the arts. The fusion of arts and sciences make for powerful aristocrats, and veering away from it by means of not practicing the services of sports is simply inacceptable. It is also not common for the British royalties to be personified as observant when it comes to talents of commoners, and their involvement with individuals with such prowess in sports is evident. Football games and Badminton tournaments are also sometimes visited by important individuals. It seems that their presence marks the importance of the game, especially when they have a significant opinion about the game afterwards. It is from their example that people believed that watching sports is the in thing to do. Not only does it give any person access to the latest happenings,

What's hot in Information Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

What's hot in Information Systems - Essay Example WebGL allows the client to browse freely within the website and offer an added advantage when it comes to the graphics. Many browsers require plug-ins for some of the graphics to play. However, the use of WebGL allows the client to enjoy using a website with less hassles and quicker navigation (My Opera). It also provides a beautiful environment that excites and attracts a user as they interact with the 3D creations in real-time (Cozzi and Riccio 28). The fact that one can share and publish 3D content at a quicker pace is also appealing. This means that clients can share the product with their friends; hence acting as marketing agents (Khronos group). It is accessible through a variety of user interfaces such as mouse or touch technology; thus reaching a wider audience through different platforms (Nilsson 1). In this era of digitization, such applications are crucial for business entities. The boost that the WebGL performance offers in business should not be underestimated. It is a strong tool that has been recommended by developers from Sony Inc. and Google Inc. among many other renowned software

Product or Service Design Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Product or Service Design - Research Paper Example However, I shall be using the example of two very famous products and services around us. Firstly, I shall be describing the iPhone. This smart gadget, manufactured by Apple Inc, is more than just a phone and has revolutionized the communication and entertainment world around us. Secondly, I shall describe about a famous service that most people are addicted to. This is Facebook, the social networking website that has become one of the most popular websites of all times with millions of members from around the world. Competitive advantage refers to the advantages a product or a service enjoys over its competitors. In the context of iPhones, the product has a great competitive edge on its competitors. Firstly, when the product was launched, the iPods (another entertainment product by Apple Inc) had already captured the market. Hence, when Apple combined all those features into a phone, the product itself developed a competitive edge and became unique. Moreover, Apple provided the option to the users to install applications of their own choice. This option was never provided before in any phone, hence this also made the iPhone a unique product. Besides this, the sleek design and the touch interface also made apple acquire a competitive edge in the market. iPhone faced its biggest competition with well established brands in the communication market such as Motorolla and Nokia. Both these companies have launched their products in competition to the iPhone introducing almost the same features. Facebook, in order to get a competitive advantage, targeted the service only for college students initially. They allowed college students within a network to interact with each other. This created their demand amongst the social networking websites. Besides, Facebook also allowed users to use applications of their choice. When Facebook entered the social networking market, it faced its greatest competition from Myspace and Orkut. Both these websites had

Treament for the elderly alcoholic Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Treament for the elderly alcoholic - Assignment Example The focus was on the goals and purposes of treatment of elderly alcoholics and how the services he offered could be accessed. We also discussed a variety of crisis situations followed by a question answer session. The outcome of an hour long interview is enumerated as under in detail. Dr. Cowan emphasized that the problem with alcoholism among the elderly is that it plays into a number of other conditions that a patient has. Alcoholism tends to weaken the immune system of an elderly at such a rapid pace that he gets less time to recover. Assessment is a serious problem, he noted, in part because of the ways in which prescription medication can mask it. This is backed up by the literature (Miller, 2010, p. 318). He described the purpose of treating elderly alcoholics is to get them into a treatment program. â€Å"Often times these kinds of patients don't come in to see me. Mostly one of the children decides that enough is enough and it is time for this person to seek treatment. Bigge st thing that one should have to fight alcoholism is the will. If you don't want to get better, you never will.† He emphasized that another goal of treatment is to involve family members as they provide the key support network for elderly people. He identified this as the main way that the services would be accessed: the patients would be brought in by relatives. Media both print and electronic are also being used by people to curtail alcoholism. Family physicians also guide elderly alcoholic patients to visit a classified health professional. Nevertheless, he said, as with all addiction, there is a great deal of resistance. As a doctor, I have to recognize that and do my best to make the process easier. The goal is to leave the person better off than before. He spent some time talking about the importance of the subject. â€Å"There are studies that show alcoholism among the elderly is very prevalent. It is hidden from view in part because elderly people are hidden from view . Part of the problem is that alcoholism can be confused with any number of other health issues. That is not a reason to step away from the study of this disease. If anything, it is a reason to renew our interest. Any time we see a group in society that is falling through the tracks we need to do everything we can to help them. The elderly are more sensitive to the effects of alcohol for a lot of different reasons and their biochemistry has changed with age. That is an interesting issue which I devote a fair amount of study to. The whole ageing process is fascinating. We're all going to end up there one day, so we should know as much as we can.† Looking at alcohol treatment is important, he said, because there is an indication that the amount of abuse is increasing. Some studies indicate that this is the case (Sirvin and Malamut, 2008, p. 515). Finally, we talked about crisis situations that are compelling people to seek help. Deteriorating health because of alcoholism is a ma jor reason that finally makes a patient to seek treatment. Physiatrists, when consulted by individuals also led them to sea a doctor. Self determination to get rid of the abuses and live a better life also made few people to visit a professional. Relatives also motivated to habitual elderly patients to fight the alcoholism. I found Dr. Cowan to be a very knowledgeable and sincere practitioner. The process and the goals that he described made sense to me. It was fascinating to hear

China's debt Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

China's debt - Essay Example The largest banks in China lent more than twice the level of bad debts in the year 2013 as they had in 2012 (Jadhav, Neelankavil & Andrews, 2012). Australian banks have lent China an alarming 75 percent more than their usual amount. Their aim, however, is to gain exposure to Asia’s economy in the powerhouse sector. The World Bank has also been a major lender to the Chinese government but on concessionary terms. These finances, however, arise from indirect contributions of the United States, which is the largest contributor to the World Bank. The finances from China are round- tripping as the U.S. massively borrows from China. China has used its borrowed funds, which are mostly Chinese-owned, in the public sector. Some of the national projects that China has involved itself in using the borrowed funds are the construction of sundry new buildings (Koo, 2013). These constructions include homes and offices, some of which are unoccupied over the years. According to the State grid, the new constructions have zero billing on electricity. The established investment platforms for the local government in 2009 have led to a high increase of the outstanding debt by nearly 70 percent. China’s debt also funded several investments in infrastructure (Bailey, Huang & Yang, 2011). These include roads built in 2011. Infrastructure was more profitable than the boom of construction of houses in China. The Chinese situation of being a state with so much debt has had both positive and negative effects on its people. Due to the construction of new houses by the state in 2011 in a bid to try to evade the economic crisis that hit the world in 2008, property prices increased. The nationals had a problem measuring up to this change. The local government raised interest rates of bonds in the money market in China. The inflation increased in the country characterized by increased loan screening (Liu, 2010). The debts have led to declining economic growth

A part of presentation Speech or Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

A part of - Speech or Presentation Example r practice platform; whereby on one hand, there is consumer expertise and free creativity, on the other hand the ways that the consumer activities are desirable by marketers. Co-creation however has marketing challenges with the establishment of ambiences that programs the freedom of consumers to exist in ways that allow harnessing of new liberated consumers and productive capabilities (Lury, 2004). The exchange of value and production of products or service depends mostly on capturing and generating iterative social communication as well as cooperation among consumers and corporations and consumers themselves. The principles of co-creation demonstrate the reconfiguration of power and labor characteristic of knowledge based and contemporary capitalism (Prahalad,2000). Putting customers to work is not entirely a new idea. For example, the increase in rationalized processes of the Facebook world that has relied much on appropriating customer work. Facebook allows its users to share their personal information on the website and also collects information from the `like` option then sells the data to other advertising websites hence earning money through the information shared. This makes the company successful and more profitable. Hereby, the co-creation concept illustrates how Facebook transfers the logic of consumer work from the production sphere and process efficiency to innova tion and development of a new product (Ritzer, 2004). Economy of co-creation involves experiments of value creation new possibilities, which are based on expropriation of technological, affective, cultural and social labor of the customer masses. Based on the consumer cooperation, co-creation demonstrates a dialogical model that does not privilege the vision of a company on production but what constitutes on the customer value or the marketing profession. In this case, rather than make customers work to rationalize the process of production as well as focus on their efficiency,

My Decision Making Model Essay Example for Free

My Decision Making Model Essay My Decision Making Model BY sals39 My Decision Making Model Experience MMPBU500 July 12, 2010 Mr. Chuck Millhollan Abstract Throughout every day of our lives we are forced to make decisions although at times it is not the easiest task. As a result, decision making models are utilized to ease the burden of making the wrong decisions which have lasting effects. There are numerous decision making models and they each function in various ways. However, my most favorable decision making process is the rational decision making process. It helps to me weigh my options as to what is my best possible choice and clearly epicts the consequences of my final decision. The rational decision making process is a six step process that is utilized extensively in many organizations and schools. The process is used so that decisions made are in the best interest of each situation. According to Janis and Mann, in rational decision making: (a) the goals and objectives of decision makers are clear and known in advance; (b) the decision maker chooses the best alternative among all possible courses of action; (c) full information about the consequences of possible courses of action is available; and (d) there is no uncertainty involved(Decision aking, 2001). As an elementary educator, I frequently make decisions and tend to utilize the rational decision making process as I do so. Problem Defining the Prior to any decision making process being used there must be a problem or situation on hand. The first step is defining the exact problem and it can be easily overlooked. It helps to avoid misinterpretations of the problem and uncommon solutions especially when working with others. For instance when we are conducting grade level meetings we normally begin by individual stating problems that we have been encountering individually in the classroom. We then merge those individual issues and find one root that is the cause of those issues and target it as our main problem. Research Pros and Cons In every situation after establish the problem it is then possible to research how to eliminate the problem and the pros and cons of doing such. According to the Macquarie Dictionary, when we evaluate the pros and cons of a decision we are establishing the arguments for and against something (Macquarie, 2010). As a result we then, formulate solutions and the good and bad of each solution. It helps us to consider every possible option and recognize consequences, if any. This in students. Making a Decision and Formulating a Plan When making decisions especially within a group it can be very time consuming and requires a lot of thought. After weighing the pros and cons one should be able to make the best possible choice that is going to benefit the situation. As we progress to making a decision in our grade level meeting we aim to come to once consensus which is normally done by taking a vote based on our findings. When then immediately begin brainstorming ways in which we can get our ideas and decisions into actions by formulating a plan. We establish our weekly plan which is a detailed escription of the daily activities and lessons that is carefully executed by all teachers within that grade level. We then schedule or next grade level meeting to evaluate the outcome of our decisions and plans to solve them. Evaluate Results Why establish a plan and do not evaluate the productivity or outcome? No matter the situation it is always of best interest to evaluate any plan put in place to rectify a problem. It is done by reevaluating the problem, the solutions that were presented, the plan that was put in place, and how well the plan was executed and succeeded in alleviating the problem. At the beginning of our weekly grade level meetings we use the first ten minutes to evaluate prior plans that were put in place and whether they were effective or not. At that point we are able to make the necessary alterations needed or express what portions of the plan was successful. Conclusion The rational decision making model help to ensure order and consistency is established into making your decision. It also provides a well thought-out and orderly approach to decision making. It helps make certain we consider all factors relating to a decision, in the most reasonable manner.

Importance Of Ecumenical Developments And Interfaith Dialogue Religion Essay

Importance Of Ecumenical Developments And Interfaith Dialogue Religion Essay The importance of ecumenical developments and interfaith dialogue in Australia is of significant meaning. Ecumenical development and interfaith dialogue impact religious multi-faith dialogue in Australia greatly. These dialogues have allowed other religions to communicate peacefully with one another and variants within Christianity to work together. The development of ecumenism in Australia is present through organizations such as the National Council of Churches Australia. In Australia the National Council of Churches is an ecumenical organization that brings together a number of Australias Christian Churches in dialogue and practical cooperation. The NCCA reflects ecumenical development as it promotes the importance of community coming together. This organisation joins with all Australians to convey their concern for the Australian communities. A very recent case of the NCCA showing their concern is for the people affected by the floods in Queensland. This organisation clearly demonstrates the importance of ecumenical development as it shows the unity of all Christian groups working towards peace. Another example promoting ecumenical development is the NSW Ecumenical Council. The council is made up of sixteen Christian churches through New South Whales and the Australian Capital Territory and follows three major beliefs. The NSW Ecumenical Council was established to be the instrument through which the churches seek to be faithful to their ecumenical calling and commitment. The council allows ecumenism to develop as it keeps the faith of Christ alive by following its major principles. The Ecumenical Council is a large part of the development as it encourages society to work together. The council helps organize and support a large range of gatherings and activities during the year to promote Christian unity and to help Christianity grow together as one. The Uniting Church is another example of ecumenical development as three churches came together and became one. It is a multicultural church, determined to treat people on an equal basis and to give a voice to the poor and the needy. The role of the church is to stand with the people, and to care for spiritual, social and educational growth. The Uniting Church is an example of ecumenical development as it helps all members of the multicultural community develop and help all with their problems. This is important as it helps the Christian community grow and teach people to treat others equally. All these organizations function to achieve the same outcome; to achieve the unity of Christianity. The councils and the church all work to serve the community. Without organizations practicing ecumenical development, Christianity will not be able to work together as one whole religious tradition. As well as ecumenical development in Australia, interfaith dialogue in Australia is of great importance. Interfaith dialogue is the interaction between different religions. Religious traditions all over Australia have come together and built relationships through interfaith dialogue organizations. This dialogue has brought together religions and helped one another communicate. Interfaith dialogue organisations seek unity and to promote harmonious living ways with all people regardless of their religion. The Australian National Dialogue of Christians, Muslims, and Jews are an interfaith dialogue organization. Its purpose is to provide opportunity for the national bodies of each faith to come together to build understanding and harmony in the Australian context. This organization is of great importance for interfaith dialogue in Australia as it teaches all people to live in harmony together. The Australian National Dialogue of Christians, Muslims, and Jews also aims to work together with the community and to teach others from different faiths and communities to work together in order to achieve their goals. Interfaith dialogue in Australia has been able to grow and become a very important part of Australian life through organisations. The Sikh Interfaith Council of Victoria is a non-profit organization, with an image to create greater awareness of Sikhs and Sikhism in the Australian community. The importance of this group in respect to interfaith dialogue also, is without it Sikhism would not have been able to build a network relationship with other religions. As a result of this organization interfaith in Australia between various religious traditions has been able to grow with one another. Living in harmony is not the only concern of the interfaith dialogue organisations. They are also concerned with the preservation and protection of the environment. Greenfaith Australia in Melbourne is an interfaith organisation that was established to bring together people from different faiths in responding to environmental issues. The actions of this group for interfaith dialogue are of great importance in Australia, as they are saving the world for our future generations to grow up in a healthy environment. Overall Ecumenical development and interfaith dialogue in Australia is of great importance. Without these, various religious traditions would not be able to communicate and work together in Australia. These issues have been taken seriously and organizations have been developed in order to make sure that all religions grow together in order to live in a better world and justice is received by all.

The Heat Death Of The Universe Essay -- essays research papers fc

Little Worlds   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In today's busy world, many people get so caught up in their own ambience that they overlook all the other things out there. Some people seem treat their surroundings as if it were their own 'little world';, creating tunnel vision to the array of the actual real world and all the things that occur in it. Pamela Zoline addresses this and many other issues in the short story, 'The Heat Death of the Universe';. This piece reports the abstract, somewhat crazy thoughts, of the world from an ordinary housewife to the reader. At first, these thoughts appear to be coming from a severely confused and mentally unstable person, with no point what so ever. Contrary to the evidence stated in the text, 'Sarah Boyle is a vivacious and intelligent young wife...proud of her growing family which keeps her busy and happy around the house'; (192), the reader can see that the main character, Sarah Boyle, is quite unsatisfied with her place in life. This unhappiness stems from a wasted education, causing the apathetic housewife to resort to ceaseless contemplation, which shapes the life she has created for herself and the home she is trapped in.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The fact that Sarah Boyle was well-educated is pointed out clearly in the first few paragraphs, 'Sarah Boyle is a vivacious and intelligent young wife and mother, educated at a fine Eastern college'; (192). This fact can be also be easily deduced by the reader after observing the knowledge Sarah presents and the vocabulary she exhibits, such as 'ONTOLOGY: That branch of metaphysics which concerns itself with the problems of the nature of existence or being'; (191) and 'ENTROPY: A quantity introduced in the first place to facilitate the calculations, and to give clear expressions to the results of thermodynamics'; (193). Clearly, such words are not ones that would be regarded as common knowledge or everyday conversation topics. The terms used by Sarah throughout the story lead the reader to regard her as some type of advanced science major. In addition to the vocabulary usage, the manner in which her mind functions and the habits she displays also guides the reader to the same assumption. Sarah demonstrates scientific thinking methods constantly; always making lists, noticing irrelevant and abstract things, counting and lettering objects, constantly pondering ideas... ...es a thermodynamically closed system, and if this were true it would mean that a time just finally come when the Universe 'unwinds'; itself, no energy being available for use'; (200). Sarah applies this theory in her housekeeping techniques, thinking that the more organized she is, the less disorder she creates. Therefore, she is not contributing to entropy in her own Universe, her house. Keeping entropy at a constant therefore would not contribute to the 'heat death of the Universe';. Evidently, this abstract thinking is indicating some mental problems. At the end of the short story, Sarah displays a mental breakdown, combining all the unexplainable ideas that float though her mind in a physical and mental explosion.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Throughout this short story, Pamela Zoline effectively addresses many relevant issues in today's society. Through a common housewife, Sarah Boyle, the reader can observe the daily trauma and feeling of worthlessness that one may experience at what it can result in. WORKS CITED Zoline, Pamela. 'The Heat Death of the Universe';. Writing As Revision. Ed. Beth Alvarado and Barbara Cully. Needham Heights: Simon and Schuster, 1998. 191-200.

Maggies Ozymandias Essay -- Analysis, Percy Shelley

In developing an insightful central theme, Percy Shelley avails of two potent literary tools, imagery and irony, to jolt readers with a striking epiphany. Imagery for one, navigates the audience to what is truly emphasized in the poem: literary art as opposed to physical, plastic art. It also serves to characterize a key figure in the poem—Ozymandias—whom is ascribed as having cold, arrogant, and pretentious qualities. The speaker juxtaposes the words inscribed on the pedestal with the image of dilapidated monuments and the bare boundless sands which surround it. When these two vivid descriptions contrast, the visual imagery, through this juxtaposition, actually buttresses situational irony. In fact, situational irony dominates and governs the reader’s very impression of the former pharaoh at the conclusion of the poem; worn down and disintegrated, Ozymandias’ monument portrays an image of wreckage and unimportance; whereas, the poem itself portrays an i mage, which withstanding time, has successfully attempted what Ozymandias himself desired: everlasting fame and a lasting legacy. By using imagery and irony, Shelley conveys the idea that poetical verses, linguistic expressions, and literary legacies outlast those of monumental and architectural form. Interestingly enough, Shelley employs the phrase â€Å"antique land† (1) to start out; the diction in this instance highlights the setting, and our perspective of time, for antiquity denotes the belonging to the past and not being modern. The style in which the poem is rendered is reminiscent of a folk tale’s recital since we are told the story through an obscure traveller and the reader is naturally drawn into the mysticism and mystery. However, in this way, Shelley distances the audie... ...initely. So the wreckage which remained scarcely survived the sands of time. So in this way, the reader perceives that a legacy through a mere monument is a legacy which fades. So what is left of Ozymandias? The poem itself—and further, the poem actually slights at the very heart of the former king’s desired legacy. We see that, in fact, how easily the Pharaoh, whom monuments had once been built for and who once ruled a great empire, is easily thwarted in the reader’s mind by linguistic expressions, by delicate subtle phrases, and by literary persuasion. Shelley’s work perpetuates through the years to remind many of Ozymandias. On the other hand, we also see that the endurance of physical art, monumental designs, and sculptures as a medium of legacy is inferior to that of the mighty, powerful literary weapons Shelley wields from his arsenal of ink and parchment.

Definition of Citizen Essay examples -- Definition Essays

Definition of Citizen The context in which words are used may change in everyday conversation, but ultimately the foundation of the definition remains constant. The number one definition generally changes due to advancement in society. Consider the word "citizen." The meaning of the word citizen has changed since 1913, but the definition that is used today was also used back then. There are some commonalities between The Webster Dictionary, published in 1913 and The Oxford English Dictionary, as well as, The American Heritage College Dictionary. Each of the dictionaries all state that a citizen is an inhabitant of a city or a particular place and a person that has voting rights.   In these cases the definition of the word has not changed during the past eighty years. From these definitions, citizen is still used in the same fashion today as it was in the earlier 1900's. Although each of the dictionaries have similar primary definitions, there are differences in the secondary definitions. The most evident difference appears when The Webster Dictionary is compared to the ot...

Differences between family and friends Essay

Throughout our lives we interact in many and varied relationships. These can range from intense emotional and physical interactions, to casual acquaintances. Our ability to bond, congregate and network within these relationships is not restricted to the family or kin from whom we are born; many are the result of friendships formed within our societal settings. We develop friendship relationships within the work place, sporting activities and shared community interests. The commonality of interest can be in residential status, class, race, gender and religious beliefs. The formation of relationships can have a multitude of meanings and importance to the individual, whether formed with family or friends. So how do the importance of relationships between family and friends differ? According to Baker (2001, p.1) â€Å"Our ‘personal’ decisions and lifestyle ‘choices’ are influenced in a myriad, often hidden, ways by what happens in the wider world†. This suggests that as individuals we need the influence of the outside world to assist in our decision-making processes. However, both family and friendship relationships offer a range of external (social) and internal (private) life networks from which the individual or group can access personal and social knowledge, resources and support. The difference in the level, mannerism and depth of needs attended to by both family and friendship relationships must then be discussed to access the importance of each and the role it plays in the life of the individual and society. Friendship Goerg Simmel (in G. Little, 1993, p.31) saw friendship as pure sociability. Simmell â€Å"pictured society as a web of sociability, a subtle balance of delicate exchanges† †¦ â€Å"it was only the name given to the comings and going of human beings, the interchanges that simultaneously link and separate people†. Simmel further describes friends as artists, claiming â€Å"friends must  commit themselves to communicating well, putting all distraction aside†. Simmell’s description of friendship in society, describes the way in which we communicate in our external lives, separate to that of family or kin relations. The communicative commitment we put into these meetings will depend on the level of interaction desired, given our commonality and interest. Therefore, the formation of friendships is based on the attention given to conversation, how well we communicate and the manner in which we construct our communication. All other encounters are purely polite exchanges of greetings between people we meet externally. Friendly interactions can therefore become an extension of our internal family lives. A case study of social networks conducted by Lyn Richards (in Gilding, 1999, p.121-23) of a Melbourne suburb revealed how â€Å"residents constructed a wide variety of relationships with their neighbours†. The social exchange of neighbourhood residents extended to sharing equipment and getting to know each other on a more personal basis, allowing friendship relations to enter the internal domain family life by choice rather than necessity. This offers an interesting perspective to Simmell’s analysis of friendship simply being polite but attentive exchanges of our everyday external lives. It suggests that we not only form friendships externally out of politeness but also  internally to share our family relations. Richards noted however, that the association between friends and family relations are separated by the difference in time spent with family and friends. Edward Shorter (1979, p.231) writes†¦Ã¢â‚¬ in traditional society the kin group counted for relatively little in emotional terms, being primarily a reservoir of material support in emergencies†. The view here is that friendship relations are an extension of family relations, allowing additional resources to be obtained. Friendship is then seen as an important  commodity to completing our hierarchy of needs. Therefore, placing restrictions on the importance and position of family and friendship contributing factors to our family and societal needs, with the extent of these needs measured in material and emotional contexts. Demographically family structures have endured many changes to the way in which family member conduct their lives. Changes to labour market forces, socio-economics and lifestyle choices, have left many with little or no time to conduct friendship relationships within the family unit. The importance of emotional support and mental well-being is then passed onto external avenues such as social services and friendship alliances. Meaning, that whilst our physical needs are being met through income support (wages, benefits), our emotional needs are neglected over time taken to achieve our physical and material needs. Therefore, positioning friendship relations as an important aspect of our familial and societal structure. Talcott Parsons (in van Krieken et al, 2000, p.328) described the functions of the nuclear family as the â€Å"primary socialization of children and the stabilization of the adult personalities of the population of society (1955a, p.16). Parsons analysis of  socialisation and stabilisation functioning describes the family as a secure and sociable entity, capable of providing both social learning and emotional well-being. To support Parsons description Bell and Zajdow (in Jureidini and Poole, 2003, p.275-76) describe the family â€Å"as an entity where people have their emotional needs cared for by a wife or mother has displaced the household whose primary purpose was to produce goods for the material well-being of family members†. The descriptions of families given here, lead to families providing emotional support for its members, similar to that of friendship relationships. How can we determine at this point, which is more important? Family support and learning can be contained within the family, kept private and discussed with members whom share common kin ties. The emotional support of friendship risks private consultation becoming public and has no biological status. Therefore, the family as a social and emotional provider is viewed as more important. The difference and diversity of families and friendship relations as pointed out in Shorter (1979, p.231-41) may provide insight into the importance of family dynamics. Shorter describes a variety of family and kin units, their origins and values placed on human contact. The research shows that despite having sociable human contact, preference is given to remaining close to family and kin, and protecting the family unit from external intrusion. Thus, providing the family with a direct sense of purpose and well-being for the individual, a place of sanctity and security when the outside world is no longer required or available. Our experiences of the world are subjective, we engage in both physical and emotional stimulation to suffice our needs. However, the main source for supply and demand of these needs is found in our value of our family and kin relationships. Family values are found in family traits, traditions and familiarity of its members and Family and Friends 5 its stability in a demographically changing social world. In this sense, friendships may come and go; however, family values will always remain, placing an emphasis on the importance of families. Where do families achieve their stability and security? The structural functionalism of families can assist in maintaining stability and security, through its ability to â€Å"provide individuals with the opportunity for  emotional support, companionship, sexual expression, reproduction and the socialisation of children†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ They maintain social order and control through disciplining their children and other members† (Baker, 2001, p.73). The ability of families to maintain social and familial control provides members with a sense of self-control over ones life. A setting to which they can return to safe in the knowledge that emotional, physical and material guidance and support can be sought. Therefore, positioning the family as a place belonging and familiarity. Conclusion There appears to be little doubt that both family and friends play and important role in ones life. To measure to importance we cannot ignore the difference and diversity of both family and friendship relationships. For some the relationship of friends is extremely important, for others it is the relationship of the family. To assess why friendship relationships appear to be more important, it is essential to recognise the demographic changes that have occurred in the past and the rate at which changes occur in the present. Family dynamics now share a variety of different relationship structures such as, defacto, stepfamilies, same sex partners,  adoption and foster parenting. All of which have their own unique set of values, social and cultural traits. The apparent multitude of difference and diversity of both family and friendship arrangements, in an ever-changing world, may embrace the need for external relations outside the family. Friendship relationships can become symbolic of demographic changes, be non-compliant with family traditions and have the flexibility to endure future change. Thus, placing an importance on the need and value of friendship relationships.

Labor Relations Hw

In my opinion, the employer now has learned what kind of discrepancies can occur and modify the security issues regarding the remaining medications. Any discrepancies occurred after a â€Å"Just† modification of the rules shall be applied strictly as Intended by the employer. 2. Explain why the relevant provisions of the collective bargaining agreement as applied to the facts of this case dictate the award. I think that it is very natural and obvious that the employer, who is in charge of his company, wants to charge someone of any discrepancy occurred inside his mandarins.Even if there is no exact proof existing, the employer believes that each supervisor must be responsible for their actions and be willing to accept the consequences that come from their own subdivision's control. For example, let's say there was a small bug Inside a potato chip bag. The bug could have got Inside the bag In any process during which the potato chip was being made, but the employer must decide one of the suspicious departments for the discrepancy. Let's say that the employer fired the supervisor of the final packaging vision.Even though all packaging is done by machines and the only daily duty of the packaging division is to identify wrong-packaged bags, the employer has made a decision. If there was a fluoroscopic machine that makes it possible to see inside every bag, then things would have resulted differently, but there wasn't one and the packaging supervisor was fired due to â€Å"irresponsibility. † This example explained above would be a similar example to why the relevant provisions of the collective bargaining agreement as applied to the facts of he previous case dictate the award. . What actions might the employer or the union has taken to avoid this conflict? I en employer malign nave set up a more strict policy Walt personnel controlling Ana accessing the medications. The total number of keys and a reliable sign-in/out system will be installed. Personne l granted access to the remaining medication will surely receive a proper orientation and training before accessing it. Also, to clarify the unjust â€Å"Just cause† standard, a very detailed warning and penalty will be posted to those committing any discrepancy.

Classification of Epithelial Tissue

Classification of Epithelial Tissue Location of Epithelium The four basic tissue types in the body are the epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous tissue. These tissues exist and function in close association with one another. The epithelial tissue, or epithelium, consists of sheets of cells that cover the external surfaces of the body, line the internal cavities, form various organs and glands, and line their ducts. Epithelial cells are in contact with each other, either in a single layer or multiple layers. The structure of lining epithelium, however, differs from organ to organ, depending on its location and function.For example, epithelium that covers the outer surfaces of the body and serves as a protective layer differs from the epithelium that lines the internal organs. The overview illustration shows different types of epithelia in selected organs. Classification of Epithelium Epithelium is classified according to the number of cell layers and the morphology or structur e of the surface cells. A basement membrane is a thin, noncellular region that separates the epithelium from the underlying connective tissue. This membrane is easily seen with a light microscope.An epithelium with a single layer of cells is simple, and that with numerous cell layers is stratified. A pseudostratified epithelium consists of a single layer of cells that attach to a basement membrane, but not all cells reach the surface. An epithelium with flat surface cells is called squamous. When the surface cells are round, or as tall as they are wide, the epithelium is cuboidal. When the cells are taller than they are wide, the epithelium is called columnar. Epithelium is nonvascular, that is, it does not have blood vessels.Oxygen, nutrients, and metabolites diffuse from the blood vessels located in the underlying connective tissue to the epithelium. Special Surface Modifications on Epithelial Cells Epithelial cells in different organs exhibit special cell membrane modifications o n their apical orupper surfaces. These modifications are cilia, stereocilia, or microvilli. Cilia are motile structures found on certain cells in the uterine tubes, uterus, and conducting tubes of the respiratory system. Microvilli are small, nonmotile projections that cover ll absorptive cells in the small intestine and proximal convoluted tubules in the kidney. Stereocilia are long, nonmotile, branched microvilli that cover the cells in the epididymis and vas deferens. The function of microvilli and stereocilia is absorption. Types of Epithelia Simple Epithelium Simple squamous epithelium that covers the external surfaces of the digestive organs, lungs, and heart is called mesothelium. Simple squamous epithelium that covers the lumina of the heart chambers, blood vessles, and lymphatic vessels is called endothelium.

Fashion Industry

Pakistani fashion industry has grown by leaps and bounds in last twelve to fifteen years. Many famous fashion designers are working in this field and contributing their work to the progress of the industry. With opening of the new institutes and fashion schools our industry has found new horizon with new talent pouring in. As Pakistani fashion industry has many talented and creative fashion designers. Every fashion designer has new and creative ideas which make them distinguish from each other.Famous Pakistani fashion designers names are Ammar Belal, Nomi ansari, karma, Lajwanti, khaddar, Asifa and Nabeel, Sobia Nazeer, HSY, Maria B, Bee jees and more. And I selected two designers for my case study, Ammar Bellal and Tazeen Hasan. Ammar Bellal is basically my inspiration in this case study; he is doing a lot of work on men's wear. Like other Pakistani fashion designers he didn’t opt for bridle wear designing. And my 2nd selected designer Tazeen Hassan says† I design my cu ts with people from real society in mind and not just models†.Her designs are very simple. She sells Pakistani women wear embroidered dresses,bridle dresses, kameez shalwar and lehnga chooli. Although Tazeen hasan is also working good and creating style and designs according to the Pakistani culture but I like Ammar Bellal most. Ammar Bellal's success story is as follow. Ammar Bellal Ammar Belal started his career in 2003 with his street wear brand A B C D, which offered Basic casual wear with a quirky sense of design. [pic] Pakistani fashion designer Ammar Belal is son of khwaja Belal, a textile industry owner.Ammar is a famous Pakistani fashion designer. With in few years he established himself. This Pakistani fashion designer launched his high-end men's wear store. Ammar is doing good work in the field of men's wear. Collections by Ammar Belal Ammar has created many collections. Especially he is doing good work on men's wear. In Pakistan he is the designer who is working on men's wear instead of bridle wear. ABCD casual wear Ammar's previously launched his ABCD casual wear line. This line catch the attention of the many, as many likes it very much.His collection helped him to gather good clientele. [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] There is only a slight design factor incorporated in each garment that Ammar's label ABCD produces. Men's wear Ammar's men wear includes †¢ Shoes †¢ Sunglasses †¢ Shirts †¢ Ties and others accessories [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] Ammar felt that the local market seeks designs and quality with foreign fashion taste.After realizing these needs and wants of the local market he decided to launch a men's wear store, with high quality and low price. Recent collection of 2010 Recently he launched his â€Å"king of Pop† collection, as the title suggests, inspired by Michael Jackson. More specifically, the â€Å"Thriller† era and subsequent punk rock look complete with zipping and studding detail for both men and women. [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] His collection is symbolized through military style embroideries and various silhouettes.His collection ranges from casual and street wear to cocktail dresses and gowns Running Projects Ammar belal is also doing work on many projects including Ammar Belal men's wear, ABCD, AS jeans, Sarah's and ABCD Ethnic. Further he is also planning to make and international corporate empire. Awards His progressive approach t showcasing fashion through music videos and films has earned him various awards that include †¢ Best Emerging Designer (lux 2005) †¢ Best men's wear Designer (Indus 2006) †¢ Best Pret Designer (Sunday 2008) †¢ Best English song (MTV/indus 2006)Apart from fashion designing Ammar has also performed in a film and released a music video. Ammar's opinion about future of fashion industry At PFDE sunsilk fashion week 2010 in Lahore Ammar Belal said, â€Å"I am very excited to be a part of the fashion week in Lahore showcased my wor k with some of the finest designers in our country. I also believe that this is just the beginning of Pakistan's exposure to the international fashion scene. It was the learning experience for us and we as an industry have a long way to go after this initial step†.Ammar is very hopeful about the good future of the Pakistan industry as designers are showing their good talent and creative work. Conclusion I am very hopeful about the best future of Pakistan industry as new and talented designers are coming in this field, and industry has found new horizon on the sky of the fashion. Business of Pakistan fashion industry is going very good, as it ran well in the bad economic condition of international fashion industry.References www. Fashioncentral. com www. bargello. com www. meraforum. com www. scribd. com Fashion Industry Essay question: Does the fashion industry exist mainly to persuade people to spend money on things they do not need? In my opinion,the fashion industry do not not exist mainly to persuade people to spend money on things they do not need. Everybody is free to decide if they want to spend money on fashion or not. First of all, we have to understand: what is fashion industry? With its beginnings in the late 17th century, the fashion industry is a globalized sector that works to meet the demand for apparel and dictates the trends for what should be worn. This industry consists of five distinct and separate levels.These levels are haute couture, luxury wear, affordable luxury wear, mainstream clothing, and discount clothing. The production part of the industry, that which takes the concept for a piece of apparel all the way to the hands of those who purchase it, is made up of four basic sectors. These sectors include producers of the goods necessary to make the apparel, those who create t he pieces, those who advertise and market the goods, and those who sell the goods. According to the concept of fashion industry, we realize that the fashion industry based on man’s demand to exist.The demand is higher so the fashion industry is higher too. The market is government by the law of supply and demand. That is why we can not agree with the essay question. In the society, there are many living standards. People who live in or below poverty line they use mainstream clothing, and discount clothing. People who have high living standard they can spend money on haute couture, luxury wear, affordable luxury wear whatever they think its suitable with their pocket. Some people look at fashion as another form of artistic expression, and as a way to allow people to express their individuality.Without the fashion industry, we wouldn't have a field of business where first a person can create unique forms of apparel, and then be able to sell them to those who want to do more wit h their clothes than just to protect from weather or prevent public indecency. And the fashion industry is like any other businesses. A business needs sales to stay afloat, so they will do whatever they can to convince a person to buy more, whether that’s through advertisement, or sales promotion. That does not automatically make a business evil. Corruption and greed are what make a business evil.If simply wanting sales made a business evil, why are not businesses in the food industry under hot water? Restaurants try to get people to eat food they really do not need; most people have food at home already. Businesses are businesses. They need to make their profits and earn a living. But that does not mean the sole existence of a business is to just make money. Same goes for businesses in the fashion industry. Not all of it is about spending excess amounts of money on luxury items. Without the fashion industry, we would not have apparel for separate events, like work or a party .We would not have special apparel that make us feel confident and boost our attractiveness. And we would not have a fun way of expressing who we are as individuals, without using words. Furthermore, fashion can help you fit in with everyone. No one wants to follow a person who has a bad sense of fashion. i know that this sounds mean and shallow, but it's true. This is the Real world! Also,when you go to school or work, the right uniform or clothes can make everyone recognise that you belong with them, this helps you fit in easily as well.Finally,Spending money on fashion it totally depends on the person. â€Å"FASHION† is there, to somewhat inspire people to feel and look good. However, we should also control ourselves on what our eyes sees, if you do not have the budget. In conclusion, the fasion industry exists because people need it. Not because it exists to persuade people to buy things that they do not really need. Again this may not be the way we want the world to be, but it is true for the real world. Ps:i would like to get some advices . My essay has many mistakes

Rural Urban Migration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Rural Urban Migration - Essay Example Misra (1998) observes that those who migrate are often male who are young and better educated. Pull factors on the other hand, attract the population to big cities or destination area. Developed and developing countries are impacted differently by the migration pattern though some aspects are similar. The paper will discuss the push and pull factors as well as the impact of migration on areas of origin and destination DCs and LDCs. Push Factors These are unfavorable conditions in rural areas that push people to migrate to urban areas. According to Watson (2004), people move to urban areas so as to improve their lives. Many rural people depend on agriculture for survival. However, the agricultural sector is faced with many challenges such as drought, famine and floods leading to poor harvest. There are also inadequate agricultural jobs thereby pushing people to look for jobs elsewhere. Structural adjustment programs result in heavy debts for developing countries thus encouraging gover nments to displace people and offer the farms to large enterprises for production and resource extraction thereby pushing local people to move (Datta, 2003). Lack of basic social amenities and recreation facilities pushes people to big cities where such amenities are available. These include; poor education, lack of quality health care, transport and communication. Higher education is often found in big cities. People move there to have better education and enjoy better living standards (Twumasi, 1995). Lack of clean water supply, poor sanitation and drainage systems push people to get better services available in cities. Inadequate income pushes people to big cities. Varieties of occupations are found in urban areas; rural areas depend mainly in agriculture which doesn’t offer adequate income. Rural people also do not possess necessary skill to perform a job and formal employment is limited. Income is thus inadequate to feed the large families they have. Persuasion by contra ctors and agents also enhances the migration. They move with them to cities in promise of better benefits and to search for a livelihood (Misra, 19998). Pull Factors These represent the attractive attributes of big cities that pull people. The wage gap between rural and urban areas whereas wages are higher in urban areas pull migrants to the city. They have high expectations of getting a well paying job. Formal and informal jobs are also available hence they work in informal settings while awaiting formal job. Besides industries are concentrated in urban areas hence attracting the rural population (Srichar et al. 2010). Availabilities of public services and social amenities in big cities attract mass population. In big cities, there is access to education and high quality health care. There are also recreational facilities that make life in the city exciting (Birmingham, 2000). Those who travel to cities and come back to rural areas for holiday or to visit their families show signs of wealth or extravagance which makes the rural people to follow their example. They form a network whereby the extended family follows the migrant to the city to enjoy city life and its benefits. Effects of Rural-Urban Migration The movement of people from rural to urban areas of both developed (DCs) and developing countries (LDCs) has adverse effects.  

Password Management Protocol Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Password Management Protocol - Assignment Example Information Technology infrastructure can be protected through diverse authentication techniques such as username and password combination, biometric fingerprint or hand scanning recognition or usage of smartcards for identification. After proper authentication, the next step is to identify the number/level of operations the logged in person can perform (access control/level). This function can be performed by developed Access Control Mechanism (ACM) with help of identified Access Control List (ACL) or Access Control database. It is pertinent to mention here that the human involvement is the weakest factor for secure systems developed with appropriate information security standards. Microsoft Outlook has its own Password Management Protocol that allows users to login the MS Outlook after providing the correct password. It stores usernames and the password associated with it, on the Microsoft Exchange Server as well as client’s personal computer. One of the major weaknesses of password management protocol of MS Outlook is that its password can easily be hacked by a plenty of software available over the internet through password secured Personal Storage Files (*.pst file) used by MS Outlook. All passwords could be recovered easily and instantly, despite of the password’s length. ... Furthermore, the protocol also allows similar and shared passwords to apply on MS Outlook account. This enhances vulnerability of password broken into the MS Outlook account through guess. References Lowe, Gavin. 2004. Analysing protocols subject to guessing attacks. Journal of Computer Security. Bloomberg, L., Paul. 2010. Passwords security protocols. Available at: http://www.zdnet.com/blog/service-oriented/passwords-security-protocols-cost-more-than-they-save-says-microsoft-researcher/4492 [Accessed 14 July 2012] Informer, I., Technologies. 2012. Microsoft Outlook Password Management Protocol Software. Available at: http://microsoft1.software.informer.com/download-microsoft-outlook-password-management-protocol/ [Accessed 14 July 2012] Generally, Byzantine Agreement is fundamental problem in distributed computing that engages a structure of n processes from which t number of processes may possibly be faulty. The faulty processes are a collection of processes that include from simple crashed processes to the processes which also misleads the good processes into disagreement. The proper processes need to concur on a binary value propelled by a spreader that is from the n processes. If the spreader propels the identical value to all processes, subsequently each accurate process has to agree on the spread value and in either case the processes have to agree on some value. More unambiguously, Byzantine Agreement is accomplished only after fulfilling the following conditions: i. All appropriately working processes agree on the same value, and ii. If the transmitter functions accurately, afterward each and every accurately functioning process agrees on its value. The transmitters

National Curriculum Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5250 words

National Curriculum - Essay Example This paper approves that the patterns they describe are very characteristic of language maintenance and attrition among immigrant minority language groups worldwide, in English-dominant settings, when factors such as the degree of community integration/isolation, the nature of links between language and religion and the degree of contact with the country of origin are well documented as affecting language maintenance and transmission. This report makes a conclusion that the pupils generally saw little connection between their learning of the home language and formal foreign language learning in school. Just one pupil saw some positive connections between her earlier formal study of English as a foreign language in Iran and her present formal study of a European language, as this meant that formal grammar was not new to her. But as an effective learning method, this pupil personally advocated immersion rather than formal classes. One pupil commented that knowing several languages was a disadvantage, because she mixed them up; the others generally had little to say on the process of language learning, at most contrasting 'picking up' the language of the home with formal study. In the final instance of reported teacher interest, one modern foreign language teacher in School 3 was said to encourage her bilingual pupils, telling them that they should be confident about foreign language learning because of their earlier success. This was doubted however: 'you can't really; it's just the same as an English student you know, like knowing English, but having trouble with French'.

Geothermal and Air Source Heat Pumps Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Geothermal and Air Source Heat Pumps - Essay Example It has become the need of the day to consider replacing the gas boilers and fossil fuel burning oil with some other heating systems. It can be done either by supplementing traditional energy generating systems with solar photovoltaic technology or super efficient solar thermal or by replacing current systems with efficient heating systems, such as, geothermal and air source heat pump (The Energy Conservation Group 2013). In this paper, we will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the two systems when being used to provide a heating system in a new home. We will start by exploring the technical characteristics of the two systems and their efficiency in providing both heating and hot water for a typical family home. 2. Alternative Heating Systems The alternative heating systems to be dicvsussed in this report include geothermal heating systems and the air source heat pump. Let us discuss the technical and oprational charactistics, advantages, and disadvantages of both of these s ystems. 2.1 Geothermal Heating Pumps The purpose of geothermal heat pumps is to extract heat from the ground and use it to heat radiators, air heating systems, and the temperature of the water. â€Å"The heart of a typical geothermal system is a ground-source heat pump that cycles water through an underground piping loop† (Henkenius 1998). ... Geothermal Heating and Cooling Retrieved from http://www.waterfurnace.com/how-it-works.aspx In geothermal heating systems, there is a loop of pipe buried under the soil which has fluid in it that absorbs the low temperature from the ground. The fluid, after absorbing the temperature, passes through a compressor which serves the role of increasing that temperature. The increased temperature heats water which can be used for household purposes. The ground-loop fluid, after increasing the temperature, goes back to into the soil to absorb more ground energy. In this way, the geothermal heating pump continues to produce hot or cold water. Usually, the loop is almost a couple of meters deep and the structure is flat or coiled in trenches. However, when the space is less, it can be installed in a vertical position down into the ground. In this position, the depth of the loop is about 100 metres for homes (Energy Saving Trust 2013). Geothermal Heat Pump Retrieved from http://www.geothermalad vantages.net/ A geothermal heat pump is different from a conventional heat pump in that it does not need to create heat to change the temperature of water, rather it uses soil heat for the cause which not only reduces the use of energy but also reduces the cost. Geothermal heating pumps use even and stable heat of earth to change the temperature of water. In winters, they are used to raise temperature of water, whereas in summers, they are used to decrease the temperature in accordance with the earth’s temperature. It is the constant temperature of earth that makes geothermal heat pumps work efficiently for homes. Although they are somewhat more costly than regular heat pumps as far as installation costs are concerned, but they can produce almost 25 to